Wednesday, October 28, 2009
Sunday, October 25, 2009
Essay
Creative Commons is both a solution and yet another failure to deal with authorship and copyright on the internet. Discuss and give examples.
Creative Commons (CC) is a nonprofit organisation with files that can be used to create web sites and other media, free of charge. This essay addresses the question of whether Creative Commons is a solution or a failure in dealing with authorship and copyright on the internet. In today’s world it is normal to upload almost everything one has created to the internet. It can be from private life or school sources. This essay will first define the topic and provide some background research. Next it will provide an analysis of secondary research, focusing on the question of whether Creative Commons is a good solution or a failure when dealing with copyright on the internet. Also what is successful and finally it will give some examples of the issue, the advantages and disadvantages. Creative Commons has been in the media lately, but not everybody knows what it is and how you can take advantages of it (http://www.youtube.com).
Creative Commons (CC) is defined as an organization that has an option to copyrights by filling in the gap between full copyright, in which no use is permitted unless granted, and public domain, where permission is not required at all (http://www.pcmag.com).
Creative commons was founded in 2001, by James Boyle, Michael Carroll, Lawrence Lessing, Hal Abelson, Eric Saltzman and Eric Eldred at Harvard Law School (http://www.pcmag.com). Their first free copyright licenses for the public did not come out before December 2002 ( HYPERLINK "http://creativecommons.org/" http://creativecommons.org/). The first priority was to create a set of legally trustworthy licenses that the author could choose from (Seadle, 2004). The information to the consumers also had to be clear in terms of permission and ease of locating the page. CC is led by a core of directors, experts and science professors and is still growing around the world. From 2002 to 2008 it has grown to 130 millions CC licenses ( HYPERLINK "http://creativecommons.org/" http://creativecommons.org/). Pursuant to Andreassen (2005) the Creative Commons project appears to be a success in most of the countries. It gives individual and groups a more free way to communicate with different cultures.
For a long time there has been uncertainly as to what to do with uploaded contents on the internet. It is widely believed that anything on the internet is common property. Mahesh and Mittal (2008) argue that it is a misunderstanding that content available on the internet can be used by anybody without a premission of the owner. It is almost impossible to get a guarantee when it comes to copyright questions (Seadle 2001) That is why it is really important to clarify, and make certain, that the publishing companies are well conversant with copyrights.
Creative Commons licenses are expressed in three different formats:
(1) The Commons Deed is a summary of the key terms of the actual license, basically, what others can and cannot do with the work. (2)The Legal Code is the actual license; a document designed to be enforced in a court of law. (3)The metadata describes the key license elements that apply to a piece of content to enable discovery through CC enabled search engines ( HYPERLINK "http://creativecommons.org/" http://creativecommons.org/).
By studying information in relation to Creative Commons on the Internet and reading journals it is evident that all kinds of works are protected by copyright law, including books, websites, blogs, photographs, films, videos and songs ( HYPERLINK "http://www.sitepoint.com" http://www.sitepoint.com). Creative commons is used by all kinds of people and companies from the entire world. Everything from major media companies, top scientist to regular people ( HYPERLINK "http://creativecommons.org/" http://creativecommons.org/).Copyright gives the author of the original work all rights of publication, distribution and adaptation of his work. Creative Commons helps to license work freely for certain uses, on certain conditions; or dedicate works to the public domain. ( HYPERLINK "http://creativecommons.org/" http://creativecommons.org/) But this good is not shared in common itself, nor owned in common, nor responsible to the common itself. It is left to the private people and groups who permit reuse (Andersson 2005).
Disadvantages and Advantages
In the internet world, there can be certain ambiguities in the copyright regulations. This can result in downloading, reproducing and modifying the contents (Yang, Liao and Chen, 2007). Creative Commons license cannot stop someone, who has obtained others work from using it according to that license. Nor do they provide the ability to control anything that is not protected by copyright law, such as facts and ideas. CC does not provide legal advice or legal services to assist anyone with enforcing Creative Commons licenses. It is a legal self-help site that offers free form-based legal documents to use however one wishes.
Creative Commons has helped enable participatory media (Cathy Kirkman, 2007). The authors have the right to determine when, where and in what form the work goes public (Abdulla, 2008 ) An arthur can stop distributing work under a Creative Commons license at any time. Not everyone has a clear license to their work and this will create confusion for other consumers. The Creative Commons web site allows the author to build the HTML- codes for the license by itself (Seadle, 2004). Creative Commons created a solution, a legal licensing toolkit, in the manner that the open source software licenses gave developers tools to share their code. ( HYPERLINK "http://www.svmedialaw.com" http://www.svmedialaw.com) Money can still be made form work using Creative Commons. If someone wants to see someone eles work, they need to pay a fee( HYPERLINK "http://creativecommons.org/" http://creativecommons.org/).
Conclusions
In conclusion, the research showed that the Creative Commons is more a solution then a failure for most of the individuals. However, advances in technology makes it possible to quickly and easily copy digital content without the copyright owner’s knowledge, without the use of intermediaries, and to transmit this content to be used by multiple users. This is a fast growing organization around the world and people will increasingly become more familiar with Creative Commons licenses. Hopefully when people are more common, they will give copyrights more deference.
However, I have to admit I did not know what Creative Commons was before I took the challenge and wrote about this topic. No doubt, it has generated great interest for future use.
Reference:
Abdulla A. 2008 “Copyright and knowledge advancement: a case study on the UAE copyright law” viewed 21 October Library Management 29 (6/7) 461-472
Andreassen, T. B., 2005 On the “Creative Commons”: a critique of the commons without commonalty. Is the Creative Commons missing something? Viewed 19 October Free Software Magazine Issue 5
Chyan Y. , Hsien J. L. and Chung, C.C., 2009 “Implementing digital copyright on the internet through an enhanced creative common license protocol” viewed 19 October The Electronic Library 27 (1) 20-30
Creative Commons 2009 viewed 19 October < HYPERLINK "http://creativecommons.org/" http://creativecommons.org/>
Kirkman, C. 2007 Media Law viewed 19 October < HYPERLINK "http://www.svmedialaw.com/industry-events- happy-5th-birthday-creative-commons.html" http://www.svmedialaw.com/industry-events- happy-5th-birthday-creative-commons.html>
Mahesh G.and Mittal R., 2009 Digital content creation and copyright issues, viewed 20 October The Electronic Library 27 (4) 676-683
PcMag 2009 viewed 18 October
Seadle, M., 2001 “Copyright in the networked world: copyright status facts.” viewed 19 October Library Hi Tech 19 (1) 99-103
Seadle, M., 2005 “Copyright in the networked world: author’s rights.” viewed 19 October Library Hi Tech 23 (1) 130-136
Site Point 2009 viewed 20 October < HYPERLINK "http://www.sitepoint.com/blogs/2009/04/30/30-creative-commons-sources/" http://www.sitepoint.com/blogs/2009/04/30/30-creative-commons-sources/>
Youtube, “Creative Commons” 2007 viewed 19 October < HYPERLINK "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y_Q5jsQNnAk&feature=fvst" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y_Q5jsQNnAk&feature=fvst>
Friday, October 9, 2009
Monday, October 5, 2009
LECTURES
Week 10
STUDYING THE "VIDEO GAME"
Video Games: PC Games, Console Game, Online Game, Arcade Game and Mobile Games
Demographics : People from 18 - 25 years.
- 80 % of the market is male , and 20 % is female
In 2005 was it a massive boom with people from 25 - 40 years old who played video games.
- 59 % of the market was male, and 41 % was female
Mobil games is the only one who is female dominated, but that is hopefully about to changes.Female have started to play community based games.
Eg. of mobile game: puzzle - more attractive for females
It is 3 different ways we can study games:
1. Social science approach
- Effects of games on people
2. Humanities approach
- Meaning + content of game
3.Industry + Engineering app.
- Development of games / New Technologies
I don't play video games anymore, but is was interesting anyway!
Week 9
Jason’s all everything, gigantic and super lecture on how to teach yourself software.
Jason talked about stuff we need to know so we don’t get fired in our first job.
First he explained Adobe Flash for us. This software is used for almost all our micro website, almost all sites with movies. It is really complicated software, it’s so much to learn before you start using it. And before you have learned how to use it, it has changed.
He had many steps he talked about:
- You have to begin by figuring out what you need to do, and then find the easiest way doing it.
- Then find out what you want to do, use this software to.
- Now you need to learn the software!
- Don’t think you can do it in a few days, just because it’s designed to be simple.
A good software is deep, and it will probably take me many years to learn.
- First I have to start playing , just make something.
- The most important thing he said, we had to remember to SAVE IT! 100 000 MILLION TIMES! Save it with a new name every time! Save it with long names (descriptions)
- If I get problems, I can use the help sections, but that’s if I know a little bit about the software, it’s not for new beginners. And if I get problems, I have to try to not spend hours to figure it out ( something I always do…)
But I can always use Google to search for help, eg. “flash tutorials”.
Join a forum and ask a question, is also a good solutions.
At the end, it’s all about content!
WEEK 8
Our guest today was Stephen Stockwell. He spoke about Political Possibilities, CyberPolitics, eDemocracy, liberal democracy.
CyberPolitics is the politics of the internet that exists on the internet. Cyberpolitics stretches from the around the actual structure and functions of the internet through to the political activities that occur on forums, between bloggers and even in games.
eDemocracy is the internet's intervention in the real world politics that exists predominantly off the internet. eDemocracy covers everything from political campaigning, debates, criticise governments and reveal their mistakes.
He talked about the definitions of democracy in different ways and what has happened the last two hundred years.
After that he talked a little bit about the gaps in the mass media which has resulted from the closed avenues of public debate in today’s media.
He briefly spoke about the battle between free speech and censorship on the net has taken many strange turns. Is free speech a basic right? In Australia Norway
Many are punished with several years in prison or even death for "disturbing public order", "undermining the state" and "destroy the party's reputation", which can include almost anything.
Finally he spoke about CyberPunk - One outlet for political expression with regards to the internet is Cyberpunk. Cyberpunk is a science fiction genre based in the potential inherent in computers, genetics, body modifications and corporate developments in the near future.
Tasks: He asked that we watch a movie called the conversation.
WEEK 7
In today's lecture we had Jason (The Canadian guy) and he spoke about open source software and free ware.
Open source software is software that people can edit/modify to make the programs better. Freeware is software that is free to download and use.
He showed us some websites we could download music and movies.
He showed us some websites we could download music and movies.
- http://www.portableapps.com - Calendar/Schedule, Web Browser, Antivirus, Minesweeper clone and audio player
- http://www.mininova.org – download music, games, movies and on the go information about cheap flights and antivirus software. This is a website I think I will use.
- http://www.sourceforge.net – fillzilla – ( you can download the codes from all files)
- http://www.freewaregenuis.com - all kind of program that do anything for you!
- http://www.download.com
- http://www.secrettechnology.com
He said that instead of paying for windows office etc. People can download the freeware versions like openoffice etc to use which does the same thing. But virus is a big problem for software, so you have to remember to update your software regulary.
At the end of the lecture, he showed us some videogames he had made on internet to earn some money.
I went to http://www.portableapps.com and downloaded VLC Media Player. I think that was on time, because I have seen all my friends have used it and it works pretty well!!! I can never go back to anything else now...!VLC media player is a highly portable multimedia player and multimedia framework capable of reading most audio and video formats
Task: Download some free software and try it!
I went to http://www.portableapps.com and downloaded VLC Media Player. I think that was on time, because I have seen all my friends have used it and it works pretty well!!! I can never go back to anything else now...!VLC media player is a highly portable multimedia player and multimedia framework capable of reading most audio and video formats WEEK 6
In today’s lecture, we learned about the producers and consumers of big and small screen.
First he talked about the consumers and the media we consume.
CONSUME
Big screen
Big screen
- Cinema (shared)
- Television (shared/ private)
- Personal computer (private/ shared)
Small Screen
- Personal media player (ipod) "on-the-go"
- Mobile Phones (ipod touch) “ Smart phones”
- 3G - used for information
He said that on mobile phones it is tricky to have many moving images because the data transfer rate which makes it harder for wide audiences to view them.
PRODUCE
- Fan Film - biggest form of produsage – www.fanfilms.net
- Mash up
Re-genre http://www.thetrailermash.com/
Re-cuts
We watched a movie “ 280 days later”
Tasks: Make a fake news-story with your mobile and try to upload it at www.ireport.com
Week 8 - Political questions
Week 8
This week´s tasks:
What oppertunities can you find for political participation via the internet. How many of the following can you achieve while aticking to your political beliefs.
1 . Sign an e-petition
I signed in at Queensland Residents draws to the attention of the House that for the last two years koalas have been disappearing from the Redlands Koala Coast area at the rate of 1000 per year. There are about 2400 koalas left in the Koala Coast now, but at the current rate of decline they will be completely gone by
2012. Council, the community and the state government need to work together to stop this from happening.
• Stop the removal of their trees;
• Stop koalas
being killed on roads and railway lines;
• Stop dog attacks;
• Stop urbanisation from destroying their habitat; and
- Start using legislation and money to make it happen.
2. Respond to a professional blogger at a major news site.
I responded to this article:
Survey: For big news, consumers bypass blogs
For many Americans seeking news during important events, blogs are just about the last place they look, relying instead on traditional outlets.
3. What is Barak Obama up to today?
President Obama at the U.N. General Assembly: "Join us in building the future that our people deserve"
23/09 - 09
This morning, nine months after taking office, President Obama made his first address to the United Nations General Assembly in New York. He spoke to the world leaders gathered there about their skepticism regarding America's engagement with the international community, and reflected on how he has worked to change that in his first months as President of the United States.
The President then called on the nations of the world to engage in a new cooperative effort to secure international peace and prosperity. And he outlined four pillars that he believes essential to securing that prosperous future: non-proliferation and disarmament; the promotion of peace and security; the preservation of our planet; and a global economy that advances opportunity for all people.
Finally, he called on those assembled in the chamber to recommit to The United Nations as an institution, and to work together to build a strong future for all world peoples.
4. Find out who your local, state and federal representatives are.
The representatives are:
Local - Councillor Susie Douglas -
Division 7, Surfers Paradise
State - Raymond Alexander Stevens MP -
Member for Mermaid Beach
Federal - Steven Ciobo MP - Member for Monicrieff.
5. Look up the Queensland or Australian hansard to find the last time your local member spoke in parliament.
Susie Douglas have never spoke in Parliament, just her housband Dr Alex Douglas.
6. Read the lecture and the readings, pursue a couple of the topics that you find most interesting and then post your blog with your well-considered thoughts about the theory and practice of politics.
Hacking for global democracy?
Hackers have actually interest me lately. I have seen some movies and TV shows about hackers, and I have to say that they fascinate me! How do they do it???!! How can they hack in my computer and see all my information in just a few minutes.
Stephen Stockwell (Griffith University
He suggests rather that there is a new ‘hacker ethos’, one which applies to those who are ‘repurposing the media machine to open and extend debate beyond traditional national and social borders’
So how can you become a citizen hacker, or have you already become one without knowing it? And just by clicking on the latest YouTube clip and forwarding it to your friends, have you in fact already become a citizen hacker ….
7. What do you think of the Australian Government's plans to censor the internet (the so-called "Clean Feed")???
The Australian Federal Government is pushing forward with a plan to force Internet Service Providers [ISPs] to censor the Internet for all Australians. This plan will waste tens of millions of taxpayer dollars and slow down Internet access.
The experts say will break the internet while doing little to stop people from accessing illegal material such as child pornography.
Internet providers and the government's own tests have found that presently available filters are not capable of adequately distinguishing between legal and illegal content.
Internet users would not be able to block all "illegal material". People will always be able to take away filters to obtain "uncensored access to the internet".
You can protect your children and download software filters on your PC, which are already provided by the government for free at netalert.gov.au, are more than adequate.
I think we have to stop this, because it will degrade the internet speeds who is slow already
8. What place does censorship have in a democracy?
Political censorship occurs when governments hold back information from their citizens. The logic is to exert control over the populace and prevent free expression that might foment rebellio.
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